Bee Species Diversity
Out of 2009 to help you https://datingranking.net/dine-app-review/ 2018, 192 bee types (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) was in fact caught in Calanques Federal Park through both web and you can bowl trap collections. They belonged so you're able to half dozen families and 38 genera. Megachilidae is actually the quintessential varieties-steeped nearest and dearest, accompanied by Apidae and you can Halictidae, with 53, 49, and you may 43 kinds, respectively. Andrena Fabricius, 1775 was the fresh richest genus, having 33 species, while seven genera was in fact illustrated by the only one species (Stelis Panzer, 1806; Protosmia Ducke, 1900; Pseudoanthidium Friese, 1898; Coelioxys Latreille, 1809; Chelostoma Latreille, 1809; Anthidiellum Cockerell, 1904; Amegilla Friese, 1897; Panurgus Panzer, 1806; Supp Desk step 1 [on line merely] ). Making use of the jackknife 1 and dos spiders, the entire bee variety richness is projected to-be anywhere between ± 9.89 and you will ± . The observed fullness therefore depicted 71.3 in order to 79.6% of your projected bee richness ( Desk 2). Brand new Chao1 method estimated the newest noticed fullness getting 76.8% of prospective restrict fullness ( Desk dos). One particular plentiful species are Apis mellifera L. (276 somebody), with Rhodanthidium septemdentatum (Latreille, 1809), Rh. sticticum (Fabricius, 1787) (174 and you can 168 anyone, respectively), and you may Lasioglossum transitorium (Shenck, 1868) (113 somebody). In the end, fifty variety (26%) had been depicted from the just one individual (singletons).
Environment Attributes regarding Bees
Regarding the environment attributes regarding nesting needs, i understood 59 unmarried bee types nesting over floor, 92 solitary bee kinds nesting underground and you may 23 cleptoparasitic types, add up to 29.7, 47.9, and you will a dozen.0% of your total bee species fullness, respectively. I recognized four societal variety (bumble bees and you may honey bees-dos.1%). Fundamentally, the fresh new nesting needs from 14 varieties are unfamiliar (eight.3%- Supp Desk 1 [online merely] ). Concerning your flowery diet away from bee variety, i discovered that 105 variety (54.7%) foraged towards many plant kinds (we.elizabeth., generalist varieties, polylectic) and 51 types (26.5%) foraged on a single bush relatives or you to/few bush species (i.age., pro varieties, oligolectic). Towards leftover thirty six bee species (18.8%), the fresh new floral diet was not recognized (elizabeth.g., for cleptoparasitic types). not, very generalist types presented an inclination for starters or several bush household ( Supp Dining table 1 [on the internet only] ). With the forty two singletons, fourteen bee species (28%) was basically gurus, and you can 9 bee types (18%) was basically cleptoparasitic ( Supp Desk step 1 [on line simply] ).
A keen IUCN position was designed for 178 species (leaving out the brand new types buildings and you will unfamiliar species). Some of those, 47 variety have been classified while the investigation lacking (DD-26.4%), 124 kinds was minimum worried (LC-69.6%), half dozen kinds was near endangered (NT-3.4%; Andrena ovatula (Kirby, 1802), Colletes albomaculatus (Lucas, 1849), Dasypoda argentata Panzer, 1809, Halictus quadricinctus (Fabricius, 1776), Lasioglossum prasinum (Smith, 1848), and you can L. pygmaeum (Schenck, 1853)), and another kinds try experienced endangered (EN-0.6%; L. soror (Saunders, 1901)- Supp Table step 1 [on line only] ). Around three oligolectic species was basically among the eight endangered bee varieties. A great. ovatula and you may C. albomaculatus try gurus to your Fabaceae, D. argentata is actually a professional towards the Caprifoliaceae.
Off 2009 in order to 2018, 38 types of hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) had been caught during the Calanques Federal Playground. They belonged to twenty-four genera ( Supp Desk 2 [on line simply] ). The essential abundant genera was Paragus Latreille, 1804 (33 someone), Meliscaeva Frey, 1946 (fourteen anybody), and you may Sphaerophoria Lepeletier de- Saint-Fargeau Audinet-Serville into the Latreille, 1828 (13 anyone), whereas 20 varieties (53%) were depicted of the only one individual ( Supp Desk 2 [on line simply] ). The new bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae) have been portrayed because of the 20 varieties, including five singletons (25%) ( Supp Dining table step 3 [on the internet merely] ). Brand new quote away from total varieties richness away from hover flies and bee flies try ranging from 83 and 97 species by using the jackknife step 1 and you may 2 indexes, correspondingly. Therefore, the fresh noticed fullness depicted 59.8–69.9% of your estimated hover travel and you may bee fly richness ( Table dos).